Vegetation change refers to the natural or human-induced alterations in the composition, distribution, and abundance of plant species in a given ecosystem over time. This research area focuses on studying the factors driving changes in vegetation, such as climate change, land use practices, and invasive species, as well as the impacts of these changes on ecosystem functioning, biodiversity, and ecological processes. Researchers in this field often use remote sensing, field surveys, and modeling techniques to monitor and analyze vegetation changes at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Understanding vegetation change is crucial for informing conservation and management strategies to preserve and protect plant communities and the services they provide to ecosystems and human societies.